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Masonry Waterproofing

Masonry Waterproofing is it Really Necessary?

Sealing walls that are made of brick, stone or other materials creates a protective barrier against water and moisture. It provides a layer that can prevent a variety of damages to help your buildings and homes to stand the test of time. Sometimes, masonry waterproofing can also be considered as an additional layer of insulation keeping your structure warm while being able to save on energy costs.
Waterproofing masonry refers to the process of applying a protective coating or sealant to brick, stone, or concrete walls (masonry structures) to prevent water from penetrating and causing damage by creating a barrier against moisture intrusion; essentially, it’s a method to seal masonry surfaces to shield them from water and dampness.

5 Reasons Why You Need Masonry Waterproofing

Corrosion

  • Acid Rain, alkali minerals, and weathering can all lead to this problem.

Efflorescence

  • When water evaporates, it leaves behind salt deposits that are typically white in color and powdery in texture damaging the visual appeal of the structure.

Mold and Mildew

  • When water slowly enters the pores of your masonry materials, it increases the risk of mold and mildew growth especially in areas where sunlight does not penetrate much.

Water Damage

  • Moisture penetration can take a toll on your buildings and homes and depending on the level of penetration, various types of problems or damages may arise.

Cracks

  • Disrupts the structural integrity and damages the aesthetic appeal of your buildings and homes.

Key points about waterproofing masonry:

  • Purpose: To protect masonry from water damage, including leaks, mold growth, and structural deterioration caused by moisture.
  • Waterproofing Materials: Specialised waterproofing coatings, sealants, or creams designed specifically for masonry materials, often containing silanes and siloxanes to allow for breathability while repelling water.
  • Application: Can be applied to both interior and exterior masonry surfaces, including basement walls, foundations, and exterior brick walls.
  • Benefits:
    • Prevents water from seeping into the structure.
    • Helps maintain the integrity of the masonry.
    • Can improve the appearance of the masonry by protecting against weathering.

Our Methods

Depending on the type of protection our clients want to achieve, we have several options available for you to choose from and we will guide you from our professional point of view to make the best choice possible.Protecting your buildings and homes from damages starts from not ignoring the root cause. In that case we, at York Masonry GTA, are delighted to perform your waterproofing needs. We have undoubtedly high skilled contractors who hold years of experience to do the project perfectly.Moisture exposure can be damaging for brick, stone and concrete. For many homes, masonry walls are on the exterior or in basements. They are moisture barriers between the outdoors and your interior walls. Fortunately, it’s easy to protect masonry surfaces – and the interior of your home – by waterproofing them. Here are points that are very important in waterproof masonry:
  • Identify existing water damage: Look for white chalky streaks on concrete blocks or walls. These are actually calcium salt deposits or efflorescence that water brings to the surface. This must be removed before applying a new coat of sealant. Remove efflorescence by washing with a stiff brush and water. If that doesn’t work, add in a mild cleaning detergent.
  • Look for holes and cracks: If there are no holes or cracks in the surface, it’s ready for waterproofing. If a surface shows signs of damage, repair the holes or large cracks before applying waterproofer.
  • Remove existing paint: If there’s paint or other coatings on the masonry, remove it by scraping, sandblasting, sanding, wire-brushing, pressure washing, chemicals or a combination. You can use paint strippers and removers to expedite the process. Masonry sealant only adheres to bare masonry. You have to remove the paint before applying the sealer.
  • Clean the surface: Use a pressure washer or cleaning solution to remove mold, mildew and dirt from the surface. Allow it to completely dry.
  • Repair the surface: Repair hairline cracks with waterproofing mix. Repair larger cracks by cleaning out and patching with mortar.
  • Mist the area: Finely spray the masonry before applying waterproofer.
  • Apply the sealant: Paint masonry surface with a thick coat of sealant. Be sure to push the sealant into cracks and crevices of surface. A paint roller or brush made specifically for masonry is best.
  • Let it dry: Allow to dry overnight or for a minimum of 12 hours between coats.
  • Apply a second coat: Apply another coat of sealant and allow it to dry.
  • Paint: Now you can paint the surface any color you want. Remember, if you need to re-apply sealant in a few years, you will have to remove that paint layer.

Masonry Waterproofing FAQs

Can old brick structures be waterproofed?

Yes! Lime mortars and old brick structures are highly porous and will absorb water like a sponge. Waterproofing could reduce water absorption by forming a hydrophobic layer to reduce potential damages because the pores get filled by the sealants.

How often do I need to reapply waterproof coatings?

Depending on your choice of materials, your masonry waterproofing could last for at least 10 years and you could always check if it’s time to reapply by simply testing the area.

Why is masonry waterproofing better than using damp proof paint?

Unlike masonry waterproofing, Damp proof paints are not permeable so it does not allow for your walls to breathe. It is also not designed to be used for external structures. Damp proof paint also isn’t transparent when it dries.

What is the difference between water proofers and sealers?

Although these materials perform similar functions, they slightly differ in how they work. A sealer will of course protect the surface like water proofers but sealers do not penetrate the surface unlike water proofers that fill leaks or gaps.

Can I apply masonry waterproofing myself?

For simple applications, you might get the idea of trying to DIY your waterproofing needs but these applications may not last that long. It is always best to consult professional masons and waterproofing specialists like York Masonry GTA.

Can waterproofing be used on interior masonry walls?

Yes, masonry walls located inside your buildings or homes can be waterproofed. Damp areas like basements and bathrooms should be waterproofed to prevent moisture issues.

Conclusion

Masonry waterproofers prevent water from seeping through cracks in basement walls, garage floors, concrete block walls, swimming pools and fountains. Most homeowners know the pains of dealing with a wet basement. Water seepage into a basement occurs for a few reasons: poor workmanship, the natural settling of a house on its foundation, or excessive water pressure. Waterproofing masonry offers prevention against many things, such as preventing: Damage before it occurs by providing a tough water barrier; Leaks that allow water to enter and cause damage; Keeps mold and mildew from forming on basement walls; and Masonry waterproofing can be used after water damage has already occurred.Waterproofing is a cost- effective investment that ensures the longevity and protection of your assets. This job requires people who have prominent skills and drive meticulous attention to details. When looking for the best team around Toronto and GTA, you can depend on York Masonry GTA to deliver you first-rate projects.
Author yorkmasonry
Categories Blog

The Ultimate Guide to Masonry Restoration

Masonry Restorations

“Restoration in masonry” refers to the process of repairing and returning an existing masonry structure to its original condition or appearance, which can involve cleaning, patching cracks, replacing damaged bricks or stones, repointing mortar joints, and addressing any structural issues to maintain the integrity of the building; essentially, bringing an older masonry structure back to its original form through various repair techniques.To further explain, the term “masonry restoration” means working on any form of old masonry that is located on an existing structure. Restoration involves everything from tearing the old masonry down and rebuilding to cleaning and sealing.
Typically, when you reference masonry restoration, it is thought of in terms of removing a set amount of mortar from a joint, then replacing it with new mortar technically, called repointing. (This does not make sense for most people because a term that begins with “re” indicates to me that it has been done before, in theory.) Nevertheless, when masonry on a structure is restored, it’s the first (and you would hope the last) time it’s done.Masonry Repair and Restoration is essential for extending the life of your home. Homeowners need to know about the techniques for masonry repair and restoration that can address different problems like structural damage, water infiltration, and deterioration.In restoring masonry structures, there are several techniques such as tuck-pointing, repointing, patching, rebuilding, and washing. Tuck-pointing is filling the gaps between bricks to get back the original look of a structure. Repointing calls for removing old mortar joints and replacing them with new ones. If a small area has been damaged, patching comes in handy. Rebuilding means replacing large sections or full walls due to major damage. Lastly, washing uses high-pressure water and mild cleaners to clean surfaces without causing more damage.

Masonry Restoration Key Points:

Goal: To restore a masonry structure to its original state, including both aesthetics and structural integrity.

Common methods:

  • Repointing: Removing old, deteriorated mortar from joints and replacing it with new mortar.
  • Cleaning: Removing dirt, grime, and other surface contaminants.
  • Patching: Repairing small areas of damage by replacing damaged bricks or stones.
  • Structural reinforcement: Addressing structural issues like cracks or leaning walls with additional support.
  • Waterproofing: Applying treatments to protect the masonry from moisture damage.

Knowing Restoration Types

Though masonry is seen as the 2nd oldest profession, the methods being today are not that different from the Roman Empire days. According to experts, a good mason who does restoration is like a magician. He, or she, can take an old, tarnished looking structure and make it look as good as new if not better. The main difference today is how easily the materials can get to the job site, and in the way, the masons get to the wall. Shortly after the first masonry structures were built, the process of restoring them began.
In today’s day and age, a good mason who does restoration knows the difference between buildings built 100 years ago compared to 50 years ago. The thought process used today in terms of restoration is very different than that of 20 years ago. The interesting thing is, the more masons learn, the more they are going back to the old ways.Not only does an excellent restoration mason know how to restore a 150-year-old building vs a 75-year-old building, but they also know how to make it as economically safe as possible when it comes to the value of the building.Although it may seem difficult, hiring an experienced professional for assessment and diagnosis is a good idea. They can tell you which technique works best according to the damage. By using proper repair techniques, homeowners can protect their investment, improve their home’s exterior, and make sure its structural integrity stays intact over time. Fixing masonry can be tricky, but repair techniques employed by experts are key to success.

Some Masonry Restoration Techniques Employed by York Masonry GTA

To restore and repair your masonry with ease, explore the sub-sections of tuckpointing, brick and stone replacement, crack repair, mortar injection and sealants and water repellents as some options employed by York Masonry GTA presented in the succeeding section. These techniques offer lasting solutions to common issues with masonry work and help maintain the structural integrity of your home.

Tuckpointing

Repointing is a process used to restore mortar joints without having to replace them. This involves applying new mortar and removing the worn-out mortar. This helps in sealing any gaps that can let water penetrate the masonry structure, preventing further damage.In tuckpointing, a subtle brick maintenance technique, pigmented putty or mortar is used. The putty or mortar matches the brick color. Then, a thin layer of lime-based putty is applied on top using a narrow pointed tool. This creates a fine line colored like the original brickwork between each course. This gives an illusion of expensive craftsmanship at a less time and cost.The key factor in tuckpointing is the skilled use of pigmented putty or mortars with colors appropriate for restoration. The color must match existing brickwork to create an accurate restored finish. This blends seamlessly with surrounding areas for aesthetic appeal-saving budget whilst upholding formality.Moisture can cause cracks in masonry structures, letting in water and causing structural damages. This can even lead to collapse. Expert tuckpointing techniques are essential for maintaining masonry’s structural integrity and visual appeal.

Brick and Stone Replacement

Masonry repair requires replacing damaged bricks or stones with compatible materials. These materials must have similar properties – like color, texture and durability – to mimic the original facade. Mortar should be chosen for both aesthetics and strength. The new bricks or stones must fit snugly into place to avoid gaps or weaknesses. Specialists may adjust designs on site for irregularly shaped bricks.Not all sites are successful in achieving a seamless integration between old and new repairs, like Colonial Williamsburg. Restoring masonry involves thoughtful consideration of material types and mortar selection to retain architectural and historical value. So, the saying goes: “I’m just here to fill the cracks.”

Crack Repair

Gap Restoration is the process of fixing crevices in masonry. Here’s a guide to help you out:
  1. Assess the Damage: Figure out what caused the crack and how big it is. That’ll tell you which repair method to use.
  2. Clean the Area: Get rid of dust and debris. That’ll make sure the fix sticks.
  3. Repairing the Crack: Fill and smooth the crevice with a filler product or mortar mix.
Remember: every gap needs different repairs. Depth, size, and location all matter. For complicated issues, call in a pro from York Masonry GTA!

Mortar Injection

  • Grout Injection: A Great Way to Repair Brickwork! Drilling holes and pumping in cement-based grout is an effective technique for repairing brickwork that has deteriorated due to moisture damage or other factors. This method offers a long-lasting solution which can extend the life of a building’s exterior.In addition, do not forget that sealants are like superhero capes, shielding buildings from water damage with each layer.
Advantages of grout injection include increased structural integrity. Don’t delay – contact a professional masonry contractor for mortar injection services before any further deterioration occurs. Protect your investment now!

Masonry Restoration York Masonry GTA Best Strategies

To restore your masonry to its former glory, masons need to be aware of the different strategies involved. In order to master masonry restoration techniques, it is a crucial need to understand the following sub-sections: Cleaning and Surface Preparation, Repointing and Mortar Repair, Surface Coatings and Finishes, Architectural Detailing, Consolidation and Strengthening. Each one of these techniques can be beneficial to your masonry’s longevity and overall aesthetic appeal.

Cleaning and Surface Preparation

Restoring masonry structures starts with a cleaning and prepping process. Special techniques are used to remove debris, contaminants, and damaged materials from the surface without compromising the integrity.York Masonry GTA Utilizes Four Steps for Cleaning and Preparing Masonry Surfaces:
  • Assess the surface condition.
  • Choose a suitable cleaning method.
  • Clean off any debris or loose materials.
  • Protect neighbouring buildings by covering windows and sealing entries.
Using the right equipment and methods is vital for successful masonry restoration. Otherwise, it may cause further damage to the surface or neighbouring properties.We at York Masonry always check the condition of the surface before commencing cleaning.

Repointing and Mortar Repair

When restoring masonry, the ‘Repointing and Mortar Repair’ is a crucial aspect. This involves swapping out damaged or defective mortar for new mortar that mimics the original as closely as possible. Here’s a 6-step guide for this:
  • Check the damage.
  • Remove old mortar with chisels, grinders, and saws.
  • Carefully clean out the joints using wire brushes or compressed air.
  • Fill in the space between bricks with pointing trowels.
  • Layer pointing until matching depth is reached. Finish with a brush for neatness.
  • Allow curing time.
For successful results, weather conditions, humidity levels, and types of mortar should be taken into account. Additionally, historic period construction methods and techniques used by the craftsman should be considered. These details help to understand how architectural styles have evolved over time.Furthermore, scribbles underneath cracks, inscriptions under new walls, and other such hidden treasures can provide insights into local history that are useful for expert masons to restore the project in the best possible way.

Surface Coatings and Finishes

Masonry restoration requires the use of the right surface coatings and finishes. These are essential for preserving and protecting the structure’s aesthetics, durability, and functionality. It’s important to know the various coating materials available. Acrylic, epoxy, and urethane-based products are popular choices for water and UV resistance. A table of benefits for each type of material can be helpful.When deciding on a coating or finish, take into account environmental impact, durability, and ease of application. Check local regulations too; these ensure compliance with safety standards and offer an ideal preservation solution.

Architectural Detailing

Architectural detailing is like makeup for buildings; it accentuates their beauty and covers any flaws, give your structure the best chance of longevity with the right surface coating. Consult experts and do your research for an informed decision that ensures maximum protection.Preserving and highlighting unique architectural features is key in building rehabilitation. To get the desired look, quality and longevity, attention to detail is necessary. This involves analyzing each component of the feature and treating it with suitable materials.
Masonry restoration techniques involve practices that restore the beauty and strength of brick or stone buildings. This includes tuckpointing, repointing, cleaning solutions and masonry patching materials. Replicated elements can be replaced using modern manufacturing methods for authenticity.Modern capabilities can be used with traditional methodologies to achieve desired results. For instance, laser scanning and 3D printing technology can be integrated into traditional masonry restoration processes to create complex designs.Masonry restoration is like a gym membership – it’s all about building up weak spots and preventing future damage. Hence, contacting expert for restoration is essential.

Consolidation and Strengthening

Masonry repair techniques have advanced since then. Now, newer materials like polymers and composites are used for consolidation and reinforcement. They are more durable and have lower maintenance costs.
To make masonry structures more rigid and tough, consolidation and reinforcement are done. This involves adding glue-like material to reinforce existing stones. It not only strengthens the structure, but also stops any more damage.Reinforcement techniques make sure masonry structures survive strong shaking or natural disasters. Carbon fiber fabrics are used to bind the structure. These fabrics are strong, flexible and long-lasting. Rebar anchors can also be put in the masonry for added strength.Injection method is a good way to keep a structure stable. This includes injecting epoxy resin into a few holes drilled in the affected parts of the facade. This stops water from entering, which could lead to further erosion.

Conclusion

Every project is unique and can have its own financial needs.Masonry repair and restoration techniques vary. Pick the best for your property. Get an experienced pro to suggest a suitable solution for you. Tuckpointing, repointing, replacing bricks, coatings, cleaning, sealing, rebuilding or reinforcing foundations or walls – these are some of the common ways. Consider cost, durability, looks and long-term effects before deciding.Don’t wait for serious damage. Identify and repair early. This saves money and keeps your property safe and beautiful. Contact a masonry professional to explore repair and restoration options for any damaged masonry on your property.It is of high importance to stay in touch with your masonry restoration contractor. Regular communication helps the project stay on track and adjustments can be made if needed. Get updates and timelines for each stage of work to prepare for disruptions. This also builds trust between everyone involved. Provide clear instructions for expectations and needs. Make sure there’s enough time for the contractor to do their tasks – rushing could lead to mistakes.Coordination between you and the contractor is essential for a manageable project. Ask the contractor what precautions they take before cleaning or repairing. It’s wise to get an inspection from an independent third-party before hiring anyone.Masonry repair can be easy – just don’t forget the mortar! Get the right professional who can put together a brick wall as a pro. Even when they face harsh weather, delicate structure, and challenges of local regulations, they will manage to restore your project within budget and timeline.To ensure a successful masonry repair and restoration with different types of techniques, hiring a professional is the best solution. Researching and selecting a contractor, getting a proper quote and asking for references, ensuring proper licensing and insurance, and working alongside your contractor throughout the repair and restoration process are the sub-sections that can help you find the right professional for the job.When it comes to hiring someone restore masonry, don’t settle for just anyone! Call York Masonry GTA!
Author yorkmasonry
Categories Blog

What is Parging in Masonry?

Close-up of parging on a foundation wall

Parging is a masonry technique that involves applying a thin layer of mortar cement to a wall. It’s often applied on brick, stone, or concrete surfaces.

Parging is a common choice for basement walls and exterior above grade basement walls. It’s also used in concrete resurfacing, stonework, foundation repair, and brick restoration projects.

Parging aims to protect against moisture penetration and improve exterior appearances by creating a smooth finish. The term ‘parging’ derives from the verb ‘parge,’ which denotes coating or covered with plaster. It’s often used in concrete resurfacing, stonework, foundation repair, and brick restoration projects.

Why Parging is Needed?

Functionally, parged surfaces can help protect from water damage creating a barrier between the elements and your home’s exterior walls or foundation. Other than that, parging serves functional and aesthetic purposes for any structure it applies to. Aesthetically speaking, parged covers provide a more finished look than raw concrete blocks or bricks would offer alone.

What’s the Purpose of Parging?

York Masonry GTA emphasizes four major purposes of parging, which include:
  • Protection: Parging protects masonry surfaces from moisture, insects, and other damage.
  • Appearance: Appearance. Parging creates a smooth, uniform finish that can improve the appearance of a building.
  • Insulation: Parging can help keep heat in and reduce energy costs.
  • Waterproofing: Parging can be used to create a surface that can be coated with waterproofing materials.

Parging Benefits

Parging finish on a brick wall
Parging is like a representation of a superhero protecting your home’s exterior. It’s a thin layer of mortar or cement that protects your walls and foundation from water damage and adds aesthetic appeal. Major reasons why you should consider parging would include:

Water Damage Protection

Parging is an additional barrier against moisture penetration, preventing potential damage to your home’s structure.

Aesthetic Improvement

Parging provides a smooth finish that enhances the appearance of rough concrete or stone surfaces, or spalling brick giving your home an attractive look.

Property Value Increase

A well-maintained exterior adds aesthetic appeal and property value. Parging contributes positively to this end by protecting your foundation from damage and enhancing visual appeal.

Remember that the process of parging requires expertise. Choosing suitable materials of mortar cement and preparing surfaces properly before application to ensure even protection and aesthetics spread. Avoid common pitfalls such as cracking and peeling due to improper technique and weather conditions. It’s essential to critically entrust the job to experienced professionals specializing in concrete and masonry work. They have the skills necessary to ensure high-quality results that stand up over time.

Parging Types

Parging is like makeup for your home’s exterior, it can enhance its natural beauty or cover up flaws. There are two main types of parging: traditional and decorative.
  • Traditional Parging

    Traditional parging is all about function over fashion. It’s used to reinforce walls or foundations and protect them from water damage and other environmental factors. This type involves applying a thin layer of mortar or cement over the surface to create an even, smooth finish.

  • Decorative Parging

    If you want to add personality to your home’s exterior, decorative parging is the way to go. Decorative parging is a masonry technique used to coat and enhance the appearance of exterior and interior walls. This type of parging incorporates colour pigments, textures, patterns, or designs into the mix to enhance curb appeal and add value to your home.

    Parging technique applied to exterior wall

    Whether you choose traditional or decorative parging, hiring professional masonry contractors specializing in masonry work, including stone repair, brick restoration & foundation repair, is essential. Proper application is crucial in ensuring effective results from any parge coat.

    Preparation for Parging

    Parging may seem simple, but it requires careful preparation for the best results. Before applying mortar or cement, follow these steps:
  • Cleaning the Surface
    • First, remove loose debris and dirt with a stiff brush to clean the wall or foundation surface. Remove old paint, as it can prevent the parged coat from adhering correctly.
  • Repairing Cracks and Damage
    • Inspect for cracks and damage. Repair them before parging to prevent structural issues. Consider hiring professionals who specialize in foundation repair.
  • Selecting the Right Materials

    • The type of mortar cement used for parging depends on the structure adhered too. Concrete walls opposed to brick walls may require a different contrastive mixture depending on different flexibility factors. Often used on newer homes with concrete foundations, Portland cement provides stronger adhesion and resistance against moisture penetration.

    Acrylic-based additives, In both cases adding an acrylic bonding agent to the mixture can improve adhesion between the existing wall or foundation and the new parge coat. It offers a decorative, textured appearance for interior and exterior applications.

    What is Parging Cement and How Does It Work in Parging Foundations?

    Smooth parging layer applied to masonry surface
    Parging cement is a specialized mortar mix made from cement, lime, sand, and water, designed to coat and protect masonry or concrete surfaces. It is used in parging foundations to create a smooth or textured layer over exposed concrete or block walls. This layer enhances the foundation’s appearance, conceals imperfections, and adds a protective barrier against moisture and weather damage. When applied correctly, parging cement bonds tightly to the surface, reinforcing structural integrity while improving the overall aesthetic of the foundation.

    Post Parging Maintenance

    Post maintenance of your newly parged wall isn’t difficult but does require some attention. Periodic examinations should be conducted to detect any indications of deterioration, like fracturing due to alterations in the climate. If these are spotted early enough, they can be easily repaired without needing another full-scale re-parge job.

    Conclusion

    As mentioned in this blog, parging is applying a thin coat of cement or mortar to concrete walls and foundations, which can improve your home’s appearance, durability, and value. Benefits of parging were also presented in the blog which provided the reasons of why parging is necessary. Different types of parging are available depending on your needs and preferences, but it’s essential to properly prepare the surface before applying it for optimal results.

    To attain your parging project’s best results, hiring professional masonry contractors with experience in parging is recommended to ensure the job is done correctly and efficiently.

    We, at York Masonry GTA are in practice for 25 years with knowledge grandfathered down by generations. Upholding a standard of excellence that distinguishes us from the rest.

    Author yorkmasonry
    Categories Blog

    Structural Concrete Block & Footings: A Guide Towards Strong Foundations

    Foundation being constructed

    Foundations are essential to the structural integrity of homes and buildings, as they provide strength, balance, and protection from water / moisture penetration. When constructing the foundation, first the concrete footings which is the initial point of contact between the ground and the building are formed. Once those are secure, foundation walls are built on top, helping to distribute a building’s weight evenly and protect the structure from shifts in soil and moisture that weaken the ground underneath.

    The foundation even though we can’t see it after the building is finished is the most important part of any construction design. The foundation must be strong enough to support the entire weight of the building, materials, and people and footings are an essential part of that foundation.

    Facts About Structural Concrete Blocks & Footings

    Structural concrete block foundations are made of stacked cinder blocks, while concrete footings are the base of a building that distributes weight. Concrete block foundations also known as Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) are made by layering cinder blocks on top of footings coated with mortar. Often reinforced with rebar to strengthen the walls. It is required that a skilled mason is hired to complete this work to ensure its done proficiently to avoid any future cracks or water damage to occur. Concrete footings are the foundation’s bedrock that distributes weight and resists sinking. Typically cast-in-place concrete. It is placed below the frost depth to prevent damage / Shifting from freezing. Concrete footings should be placed on undisturbed native soil. A good footing helps prevent water and moisture from seeping into the foundation. The type of footing used depends on the type of soil, building size, and weight.

    Several Types of Foundations

    Each with their own characteristics and advantages, the most common are concrete block and poured concrete foundations. Let us compare the two.

    Concrete Block Foundation

    Concrete block foundations, or Concrete Masonry Units (CMU), are made from stacked cinder blocks. Using the CMU method, the footings are coated with mortar a mixture of cement, sand, water, and fillers to bind masonry then cinder blocks are layered evenly on top. The process is repeated until a foundation wall is formed. Because cinder blocks are hollow, block foundations are often reinforced with rebar both vertically and horizontally steel bars that strengthen CMU walls. Once the rebar is threaded through the cinder blocks, the surrounding gaps are filled with concrete. Rebar isn’t necessary for structures like garden walls, however, is often used for block foundations that support heavy structures.

    CMU foundation construction

    Advantages of Concrete Block Foundations:

    • Design flexibility: Laying walls one block at a time helps avoid mistakes, and heavy forming boards aren’t required. Depending on the layout if it is complex could be easier to construct and more cost effective. Different block sizes and shapes allow for customization.
    • Cost-effective: Cinder blocks are lighter than poured concrete, making them less labour intensive, blocks are generally cheaper than poured concrete, especially for smaller projects or crawl spaces.
    • Provides compressive strength: Block foundations, especially ones reinforced with rebar, can bear heavy vertical loads.
    • Good insulation/durability: When filled with concrete, blocks can provide better insulation compared to other foundation types and are resistant to fire, moisture, and pests.

    Disadvantages of Concrete Block Foundations:

    • Water seepage: Gaps in the mortar between cinder blocks can make concrete block foundations vulnerable to water damage, that is why it is crucial to have an experienced mason to carry out these tasks to ensure you keep a dry basement.
    • Lack of lateral strength: Block walls without reinforced bar may bow from groundwater or shifts in the soil (lateral pressure), that is why it is crucial to have an experienced mason to carry out these tasks to ensure walls will not bow.

    Poured Concrete Foundations:

    Poured concrete foundations use wooden wall forms built on top of foundation footings. These forms act like molds, shaping foundation walls. These wooden walls are built around steel rebar supports, both vertical and horizontal, which strengthens the foundation walls. Next, concrete mixed on-site is poured into the wall forms. Once it cures, or solidifies, the wall forms are removed, leaving concrete shaped like a wall that holds back the earth surrounding the home.
    Poured concrete foundation

    Advantages of Poured Concrete Foundations

    Advantages of Poured Concrete Foundations:

    • Predictable process: Poured walls take less time than concrete block foundations to build since most of the work is done with machinery.
    • High lateral strength: Poured concrete foundations, especially ones reinforced with rebar, can bear heavy vertical loads.
    • Durability: Concrete foundations are resistant to rot and decay, so they require little maintenance.
    • Protection: Concrete foundations help prevent basement water problems like water leakage and protects against fire.

    Disadvantages of Poured Concrete Foundations:

    • Requires specialized equipment: Pouring concrete and inserting wooden forms requires a lot of preparation, and cranes may be needed to move heavy loads. Also, the concrete-pouring process, which takes place in one step, may create weak spots or air pockets.
    • Prone to cracking: While strong, poured concrete can develop cracks, particularly if it isn’t cured properly, air pockets, weak MPA, lack of reinforcement bar or faulty placement of bar.

    What is a Footing?

    The bottom part of a foundation is called the footing. Footings in construction are critical, as the footing distributes the weight of the building evenly across the entire structure so that it doesn’t sink into the ground. A good footing will also help to prevent water and moisture from seeping into the foundation, which can cause cracks and other damage. Footings are usually made of concrete, but they can also be made of stone. The type of footing you use will depend on the type of soil you have and the size and weight of the building.
    Footing illustration

    Different Types of Footings

    Most building contractors will decide between four different types of footings in construction: individual footings, combined footings, strip footings, and raft or mat foundation. Their choice depends on the soil, the weight of the building, and what type of build they’re doing.

    Individual Footings

    Individual footings are very common type of footing to support single piers. They are usually used for small structures such as sheds or porches etc. Individual footings can also used for all four walls of a building if the soil is very soft or there is a high-water table.

    Combined Footings

    Similar to individual Combined footings are used when two or more foundation piers or walls are close together and they share the load. Combined footings are also used when one of the foundation pier / walls is much taller or longer than the others.

    Strip Footings

    Most common type, Strip footings are used to support a long foundation wall, such as the side of a house. They are also used to support load-bearing walls that run parallel to each other.

    Raft or Mat Foundation

    A raft or mat foundation is one big slab of concrete that supports an entire building. Raft foundations are used when the soil is too weak to support individual footings or when the building is very large.

    Use of Footings

    Footings are used in any type of building that has a foundation, including houses, commercial buildings, and bridges. Footings are also used for fences, decks, and other structures that are not attached to a building.

    Building Footings

    Building footings is usually the first step in construction after the excavation is complete. The hole for the footing must be dug first, and then the footing itself must be created. The depth of the footing hole depends on the type of soil and the size of the building. The hole must be deep enough so that the footing is below the freeze line at minimum (the depth at which water in the ground freezes) and above undisturbed soils. Once the hole is dug, the footing must be created. This can be done by pouring concrete into the hole or by using premade wood forms. The footing must be level and must extend past the edges of the foundation wall so that it can support the weight of the building.

    After the footing has been created, the foundation walls can be built. The foundation walls are usually made of concrete, but they can also be made of stone. The walls must be strong enough to support the weight of the building and must be tall enough to reach above the ground so that the building is not in danger of collapsing.

    Building footings

    Conclusion

    Both types of foundation are popular, so deciding between the two really comes down to factors like moisture, budget, and timeline. Poured concrete tends to be more vulnerable to cracks, and does require special equipment, more preparation, and potentially more money. Block foundations are simpler to build but might be prone to leaks if they’re not mortared properly. For either poured or block walls, using rebar is an effective way to bolster lateral strength. The materials in both cases are readily available and both are durable and long-lasting. However, despite all the similarities, both foundation types have their pros and cons. One must prioritize the needs of their project requirements and analyze site situations before selecting the type of foundation system. Remember not to cut cost at your foundation or rising walls, this is the most important part of your project.

    Contact us to help you figure out the best foundation that suits the project.

    Author yorkmasonry
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